From A Philosophical Basis of Medical Practice Toward a Philosophy and Ethic of the Healing Professions Edmund D Pellegrino David C Thomasma OUP Oxford 1981 Ch6 
The Anatomy of Clinical Judgments p119-152 Note judgments have consequences of action, decisions can separate out the knowledge used. 
See also Thinking Like a Nurse 
IM-703 and Ladder of Inference Assumptions 
IM-351 and
 IM-50413 to show diagnostic detail